The basic problem of a theory of truth approximation is defining when a theory is “close to the truth” about some relevant domain. Existing accounts of truthlikeness or verisimilitude address this ...

Cross-device tracking is the latest Holy Grail of digital advertising. At stake is the marketer’s ability to recognize the same consumer when he or she interacts with a brand, whether that interaction ...

Which is better – deterministic data or probabilistic data? It’s a trick question because the answer is “both.” Even Google – whose first-party cross-device logged in user base likely trumps anything ...

Understanding complex systems requires reasoning about causal relationships that behave or appear to behave probabilistically. Features such as distributed agency, large spatial scales, and time ...

The design and construction of capital projects can be extremely complex. Uncertainty and risk add to this complexity and, as a result, many projects experience significant cost overruns and schedule ...

Our new world of sensors, smartphones, and connected devices means more data than ever — but does it also mean that it’s getting easier to make well-informed decisions? Quite the contrary, in fact.