Modulation is fundamental to electronic communications. The modulating signal might be analog in nature (voice or music) or digital bit streams. Most modern communication systems are digital, using ...

Portable wireless devices are becoming smaller, lighter, and more powerful with each new generation of cell phone technology. In the eyes of users, this trend is a wonderful addition. For designers, ...

Radio frequency (RF) refers to the part of the electromagnetic spectrum where electromagnetic waves can be generated by alternating current fed to an antenna. It spans from around 3 kHz to 300 GHz. RF ...