Expert Rev Proteomics. 2008;5(5):715-719. We have applied some of these approaches to the study of nephrotic urine. We first performed liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS on unfractionated nephrotic ...

Vesicoureteral reflux is when urine flows backward from the bladder into the ureters and kidneys. It boosts the risk of urinary tract infections and kidney damage. It can be treated with observation, ...

A rigorous nine-year research review looking at the relationship between fluoride and intelligence in children concludes that as fluoride levels rise, IQ drops. Every 1 part per million increase in ...

Bilirubin is a yellowish substance created by the breakdown of red blood cells. Detecting it in your urine can be a sign of a health problem, such as liver or gallbladder disease. The detection of ...

Most people rarely think about the appearance of their urine unless something unusual catches their attention. Clear or pale yellow urine typically indicates good hydration and health, but ...