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Discover how the equation of exchange links money supply, velocity of money, and price levels, influencing inflation and economic activity. Learn key formulas and impacts.
Low-Complexity Vector-by-Vector Detector for AFDM-IM Systems by Reconstructing Sparse Channel Matrix
Abstract: In this letter, a low-complexity vector-by-vector aided expectation propagation (VV-EP) detector is proposed for affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) with index modulation (IM) ...
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